Abstract            Volume:14  Issue-4  Year-2026         Original Research Articles

Online ISSN : 2347 - 3215 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorijcret@gmail.com

Skin melanoma is an aggressive malignancy with increasing global incidence, highlighting the need for effective and low-toxicity therapeutic alternatives. This study investigates proteomic alterations and associated molecular pathways in human SK-MEL-3 melanoma cells treated with kojic acid, Fusarium incarnatum crude extract, and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Differential protein expression was analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry and bioinformatic analyses. Thirty differentially expressed proteins were identified, including two up-regulated (≥1.5-fold) and twenty-eight down-regulated (≤0.9-fold) proteins. Key proteins such as heat shock proteins, nucleolin, pyruvate kinase isozymes, vimentin, tubulin beta chain, alpha-enolase, annexin, and ribosomal proteins were significantly modulated. Protein–protein interaction analysis revealed strong associations with major regulatory proteins involved in apoptosis, melanogenesis, glycolysis, and cell proliferation. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses indicated predominant involvement in binding, catalytic activity, and cancer-related signaling pathways. Overall, F. incarnatum extract and its AgNPs demonstrated enhanced anti-melanogenic potential compared to kojic acid, suggesting their promise as alternative therapeutic agents for melanoma.

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